Criminal Law Proceedings All Over Tv Nowadays Essay

Type of Proceeding We see romanticized versions of criminal law proceedings all over TV nowadays. In the popular show CSI: we see detectives using futuristic looking gadgets and other highly unrealistic â€Å"investigative† methods to try to find the bad guy. I knew that shows like this are far from reality, but I wanted to see for myself just how much of a fantasy they really are. To accomplish this mission, I had to go see a trial for myself. I chose to see a criminal trial proceeding because these cases tend to be more engaging, they will help me differentiate between fact and fiction in media, and have more relevance to me as I want to pursue a career in Criminal Law. By viewing a trial live and in person, I hoped to get a first hand experience of the hard work, skill, and dedication it takes to survive a career in law. Research Prior to attending the trial in person, it is important to have a basic understanding of criminal trial proceedings. Otherwise, the trial will just sound like jargon and nonsense to an uninformed viewer. A criminal trial begins with an arrest, followed by an initial appearance. At the initial appearance, the accused is informed of the charges against them, bail is set (if applicable) and the preliminary trial is scheduled (Neubauer and Meinhold, 213). During the preliminary trial the charges against the accused are reviewed to see if probable cause exists to continue holding the subject. In the early stages of a trial, the defendant is much moreShow MoreRelatedTopics Otvety3754 Words   |  16 Pagespowerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that’s power, because they control the minds of the masses.† (Graham Greene, English writer) [(a) define the notion of mass media; (b) classify all the existing ty pes of mass media (print and electronic); (c) explain the functions fulfilled by the media and comment on the recent trends]. 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Utopia is a society that you really can’t wrap your head...

Utopia is a society that you really can’t wrap your head around. In Utopia it talks about Thomas, Raphael, Peter how they met and what they think they about the society. It ask you questions that really makes you think, would I want to live in this society? Utopia talks about how they are a perfect society but it makes you wonder if they really are. (More, 2011) When Moore talks about Utopia he says that the island is formed in a crescent shape. Which makes me think that every county or state is not shaped perfectly, they have their own shape to make them different and to stand out from the rest. It talks about how they don’t have private property which means anyone can come in to their house at any time of the day. We live in a society†¦show more content†¦In our society, we have different religions but some get along but others don’t. People have different opinions on religions that sometimes causes fights between people. Women in Utopia do must of the house work just like in our society. If men do the house work for the women in our society means they did something wrong, just being nice or they want something. â€Å"Ovid’s poem had enormous impact on Renaissance literature, but for more’s Utopia its influence was not so much direct and specific as through a diffused and pervasive atmosphere of thought that identified a life of innocence, equality, peace, and closeness to mature as the first and last state of humankind.† (103, Ovid) In other words, Ovid society had no laws just like the Utopia society. They didn’t have armies in the Ovid society but like More’s they had armies. They both had different religions. In the Golden Age, the earth produced food in such abundance there was no need for farming unlike the Utopia society where farming was vital. I agree with Utopia theory because if one day they decide not to provide people with food, you need to know how to farm to provide food for your self and family. (More, 2011) â€Å"More’s book resonates with Plato’s in a number of ways, but the most striking feature that the Utopia republic shares with Plato’s pattern for an ideal state is communism.† (101, Plato) Plato theory was, â€Å"neither should they have a private house orShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational

Sub-Cultures within the Latino Culture in America Free Essays

There are many different cultures and people from different ethnic backgrounds throughout all of the United States. We have many different people that migrated here from all types of countries and from all of the continents. The main culture I will be talking about today in my interviews is the Mexican culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Sub-Cultures within the Latino Culture in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Latino culture contains many sub cultures including many South American countries and Central America. This will be an in depth interview of Mexican culture, but it is only a small fraction compared to the amount of different cultures we have in our country today. The first person that I interviewed was my girlfriend, Amarise Christine Morales. Amarise was born in Tulare, Ca, but has lived in Fresno, Ca most of her life. Her family originated from Guadalajara, Mx. She says her family has many traditions for different types of events or purposes. For example, every New Years her abuela will cook a big 5 gallon pot of menudo. Every Christmas Eve her family will get together and make tamales for the holidays. â€Å"It’s a very fun time with the family and we all stay up late eating and opening presents† said Amarise. On Christmas Eve it’s a tradition for them to go to Midnight Mass and afterwards they open up their gifts. â€Å"One thing that’s easy to notice about my family, we all speak Spanish† said Amarise. â€Å"If you’re around my family and you want to speak to my grandparents, you must speak to them in Spanish. If you do not, its kind of like insulting to them. † Church is also a major tradition in Mexican Culture. Amarise was baptized when she an infant. She made her communion when she was in the fourth, her family was very proud. She then continued to make her confirmation in her early teenage years. This made her grandparents even more proud of her and showed her obedience to Jesus El Padre. When Amarise turned 15 years old she had a quinceyera. She says it was her favorite birthday out of them all. She had a huge party at a hall with her friends and cousins in the quince. They were all dressed so nice and formal, and Amarise had a beautiful turquoise dress that her Abuelita had bought for her. Over 150 people attended and she had received many gifts and lots of money. One thing that she kept saying was that there are no better fiestas than a Mexican fiesta. She describes her family get togethers with lots of food and appetizers like chips and salsa, guacamole, and drinks like horchata. They love barbequing for the days when their favorite soccer team, Chivas, play on tv. During Christmas time a week before the 25th, her family will take a trip to Mexico to visit her great grandpa. Usually the family will come back after Christmas, but her Abuela will stay until February. Her great grandpa passed away about 6 months ago at the age of 95. He was a great man that owned his own dairy in Mexico, he left his dairy and all his belongings to all of his kids. Amarise’s Abuela ended up receiving all of the livestock and she sold them to another dairy in Mexico for well over $200,000. I asked Amarise about any folk tales or scary stories she used to hear as a kid and she told me about three main ones. First was the Chupacabra, which is a made up legend about a weird animal that is mixed species and it kills livestock and sucks their blood dry. I’ve also heard of this story when I was child so it wasn’t knew hearing it. Another story was about the llorona, which meant the lady that cries. She was a lady that drowned her children in a river, and whenever Amarise went camping she said her older cousin would always tease her and scare her about it. The last urban legend was the Cocui, which was the Mexican Boogey Man that lived under your closet and bed. All of these are Mexican stories and folktale that many familes pass on. The second person I interviewed was Amarise’s grandmother, Maria Guadalupe Carpio Morales. I had to have Amarise translate our questions and answers because my Spanish isn’t fluent enough. Maria Morales was born in Guadalajara Mexico on May 25th 1945. Her mother Sophia and father Carlos Carpio lived on a 50 acre ranch in Guadalajara, Mexico. They owned their own dairy farm and sold many goods such as livestock, dairy products such as milk, cheese, and butter. Maria’s mother Sophia died when she was a young child at the age of 10 years old. It was devastating but their family of eight kept strong and continued to survive. When Maria was 14 her family decided for them to have a better life then they should come to America. He wanted his children and their children to have more opportunities than he did. So their brothers and sisters ended up getting heir legal papers in Mexico, and then drove across the boarder for a long trip to Stockton, California. Her father stayed in Guadalajara to manage the family business with her oldest sister Sophia, named after her mother. That summer Maria and her brothers and sisters started working in the fields in Stockton. Maria’s job was packing fruit like apricots, peaches, strawberries and all other types of fruits and vegetables. She also did a lot of the harvesting at Beacon’s Island. To Maria, Mexican culture revolves all around your family, morals, and traditions and religion. You have to be proud of where you come from, Mexican culture is about being proud of who you are† said Maria. â€Å"My Father taught all of my brothers and sisters to look out for one another because with out family you have nothing. † Ever since Maria born her family has been very religious. She was baptized in a church is Guadalajara, but she does not recall the name of it. She has been a practicing Catholic woman since all she can remember. Every Saturday even until this very day she atten ds mass at 6:45pm to 7:30pm. She refers to Jesus as Mi Padre Jesus. There are many traditions that Maria has in her life and that she has taught to her family. When a person dies she prays the Rosery prayer to the Virgin Mary for nights in a row to essentially pray that persons soul into heaven. She also practices lint, which is 40 days before Easter Sunday when Jesus walked 40 days and 40 nights without eating anything. So on Ash Wednesday she gives up something that’s valuable to her, but she did not tell us what that was. She said its not good to flaunt what you given up because its disrespectful to who your doing it for, Jesus. During Lent Season to avoid eating meat on Fridays Maria will cook either fish, like ceviche or shrimp to substitute for the meat. She loves making shrimp cocktail as well as her kids and grandkids. The only time she ever worked was in the fields. Later on in life she moved to Los Angeles with her sisters. It was there where she met Elano Morales, her husband until this day. She stopped working once they became married to raise a family and take care of her three children. One of those children was Carlos Morales, the first generation to be born here in the United States. He is the father of Amarise who I earlier had interviewed. Maria now lives in Tulare, CA with her husband and some relatives. She continues to pass on the traditions and morals that were passed onto her and only hopes that her grandchildren will continue to her families story. I learned many new things about Mexican culture when interviewing my girlfriend and her grandmother. But I also realized that I wasn’t much different from them. A lot of these things I have already heard of or learned about. For example, all the folklore and scary stories were stories my grandparents told me. Another thing that is similar is that my grandparents also worked in the fields when they were young. This shows me that everyone’s connected in a way and we know more about one another than we thought. Even though we all come from many different backgrounds, there are many similarities. I believe that this assignment made me a better person and less judgmental of people that do not know how to speak English, regardless of their race. This project really opened me up to new ideas and showed me a different side to the word culture and what it means to Latinos and Latinas. How to cite Sub-Cultures within the Latino Culture in America, Papers

Asdf Essay Example For Students

Asdf Essay The Ethics Of Abortion Abortion is a very controversial subject that has been continually argued over for the past few years and probably many years to come. The main controversy is should abortion be legalized? First before we get into the many sides of abortion we must first define abortion. Abortion is the destruction of the fetus or unborn child while the child is still in the mothers womb. This can be done by almost anyone from the mother herself to back alley abortions and even to abortions by clinics set up especially for this purpose. There are two sides to this abortion topic the PRO-LIFE which is those who are against abortion altogether and the PRO- CHOICE or those who believe it is the womans right to choose if she wants to have an abortion. These two groups offer different solutions to problem. The pro-life solution is to have the child and basically live with it. They believe abortion is not an answer. The pro-choice solution is abortion because of reasons they feel are appropriate. Although abortion is morally and ethically wrong should it be legal for victims of rape or incest who have no other alternative? There is no real answer to this controversy, there are two sides to it though which have been arguing for many years over the subject. The first is the pro-life group. This group does not believe in the abortion factor. To understand where the pro-life stands we must first understand its beliefs and reasons for its beliefs. Then we can discuss what their solution to the abortion topic is. Pro-life believes that rape and incest are very emotional topics. They often elicit throughout the population feelings of revulsion; people draw back from the issue of rape and incest. People dont know how to handle a person who is in that much pain. There is no quick fix. That is why it is difficult for even pro-life people to come to grips with the argument over abortion in cases of rape and incest. Some of those who are pro-life will allow abortion in the se cases because they dont know what else they can do for the victim and except it as a rare case. But it is known that allowing abortion in these cases usually does not help the victim, instead it only worsens the problem because the victims needs are not being met. But what the facts suggest is that only a minority of rape and incest victims actually choose abortion. This is where pro-life has its biggest problem. Pro-life states that Abortion is not usually chosen as the immediate solution for rape and incest victims but that is the prevailing belief of the general population. A woman has been raped and made pregnant: Oh, shes got to have an abortion. No one has studied the rape and incest victims needs; abortion is presumed to fill her needs. Various studies and research indicate that rape and incest victims fall into a high-risk category of abortion. But what happens after a victim has an abortion? Jackie Baker a victim states: I soon discovered that the aftermath of my abortio n continued a long time after the memory of my rape had faded. I felt empty and horrible. Nobody told me about the emptiness and pain I would feel deep within causing nightmares and deep depressions. They all told me that after the abortion I could continue with my life as if nothing ever happened. (Reardon 21- 22) This is the story we hear from a lot of aborted women. Today in our society it is believed by most people that it is the womans fault just as much as the mans fault, if not more. many people think women are responsible for contributing to the rape itself. Then the rape victims feel self-blame and guilt. And even then a rape or incest victims family members or close friends may reinforce these negative feelings. Or they drop the problem because they dont know how to talk about it. We even see the same thing in the abortion experience. When a person becomes pregnant because of rape or incest there is a permanent symbol of the rape, at least until it is aborted. Women who ha ve had abortions fear being rejected by God and loved ones. It is a very traumatic experience which takes time. The fact is that you are really telling your loved ones of a death in the family. Opinion polls have shown for years that women are more against abortion than men are. The women led the opposition of abortion. In 1983 a Los Angelos Times poll found that only 47% of women (compared with 51% of men) favored the general availability of abortion. (Pro Life Feminism: Pro-Woman, Pro-Life 6) So what is this telling us? The facts are very clear men prefer abortion over women by a large percent. And most women do not agree with abortion. So why does it still exist today? What pro-life feels is really happening is that in our society today abortion is becoming the solution to carelessness. Abortion does nothing to help the victims rape, and that is the problem they are trying to address in the first place. Instead abortion encourages the victim to vent their anger out on others. Pro -life also believes that child birth on the other hand can be a victory. For those victims who chose childbirth over abortion it can be a triumph. It can state that the victim is not going to let rape destroy her life. When the needs of pregnant victims is closely examined it can be shown that abortion is not the answer and is in fact only worsening the problem. (Reardon 21-22) But the worst strain abortion has on the victim is mental strain. Many victims become confused and overwhelmed by feelings they thought they would never have, and dont know what to do. After having an abortion victims thought they had solved the problem but in fact they had really just started a whole new one. Many victims began thinking there was something wrong with them and began to doubt themselves in situations that they would normally be sure of themselves. Others plunge into deep depressions which they dont come out of for weeks at end. This is one of the worst side effects of having an abortion and mo st women dont realize it will happen to them because they are too busy trying to correct the immediate problem. . Pro-life persons dont have any reason to be ashamed to defend pro-life view in the case of rape and incest. They feel the ones who should be ashamed are the pro-abortionists who have been exploiting the problems of the victims. Pro-choice has a different view to this whole abortion controversy. Pro-choice believes that it is the persons right to have an abortion if they want to and that no one should interfere with that right. Pro-choice has many reasons for feeling this way. First lets talk about who has abortions and why they have abortions. There are 1.6 million abortions in the United States every year, there is no real special class of people who have abortions. Why does pro-choice feel that abortion is all right? Well pro-choice believes that the answer is what the woman believes. The most common reason for abortions is when contraception fails. What is a person su ppose to do when the birth control method fails? The fact is that contraceptive failure led to 1.6 to 2 million of the 3.3 million unwanted pregnancies in the United States in 1987. These pregnancies account for about half of the 1.5 million abortions performed every year. Besides these reasons for abortion women also give researchers other reasons for getting an abortion. In 1987 a survey of 1,900 women at 30 abortion facilities were asked, why do women have abortions? The women could give as many reasons as they wanted, and most of the women responded with one or more of these top six reasons: 1. Concerned about how having a baby could change her life, 92 percent. 2. Not mature enough or too young to have a child, 81 percent. 3. Cant afford baby now, 73 percent. 4. Doesnt want others to know she had sex or is pregnant, 42 percent. 5. Has relationship problems and doesnt want to be a single parent, 37 percent. 6. Unready for responsibility, 33 percent. There have been many studies done on smaller groups that expressed the exact same reasons for having an abortion. Older women were more likely to say that their families were complete while younger women said that a baby would interfere with education, career, and personal freedom. At any age women say they have too many responsibilities and not enough money to take care of a baby. The reasons for which the public is approving of abortions is not always the reason of the person who wants to have an abortion. Women do not have abortions because of rape, incest, deformed fetuses, or because their physical life is in danger. But these are the best reasons accepted by the public. Being poor, too young, unmarried, and not wanting a baby are the most unpopular reasons for having an abortion and are looked down upon by the public. Pro-choice feels the main reason for abortions is because contraception failed and they didnt want to have a baby at the time. What are some of the benefits to having an abortion. Well the m ost obvious one is the abortion itself. First of all pro-choice wants to make it clear where they stand. They believe in first time abortions. This is usually because of contraceptive reasons or maturity, but where they draw the line is at third or fourth time abortions. This is because although they think abortion should be legal they believe that is a little extreme and may be a solution to a bad habit. But the big benefits of having an abortion can be seen right away is relief. The feeling most women have after having an abortion is relief. A 44-year-old psychologist with three children had an illegal abortion at 18 and a legal abortion at 28. Both times she primarily felt relieved for herself and all the family members for whom she was responsible. Another example is a newly married 27-year-old elementary school teacher had two abortions at age 18 and 21. She felt the same relief as the psychologist. There have been many studies that researched what the primary reaction to havin g an abortion was. One study done by Kaiser Permanent in northern California asked women subscribers how they felt about their abortions. The most common answer was relief. Abortion also leads to safer contraception. After a person has to go through an abortion because of a failure in contraception it is found that from then on the couple is much more cautious about safe-sex. It is found that almost all of the 742 low-income women who received abortions in 1970-1971 at the State University Hospital in Syracuse, New York, intended to use contraception in the future, an attitude that was even stronger after their abortions. Perhaps the abortion is actually a lesson in life. Another positive impact is maturity. How might a person mature because of their abortion experience. Well the most obvious example of maturity is after an abortion the aborted person usually changes their bad habits. This could be anything from safe-sex to everyday things like listening to others. This may not have been the case before the abortion. When people were asked how they felt about themselves after the abortion many of them responded by saying they felt more mature. It caused them to reevaluate their behavior, their lives and their future. Others felt they were freer and stronger. Two benefactors to having an abortion is increased self-image, self-esteem, and increased psychological health. It is said that an abortion usually changes a womans uncertain self-image into a good self-image. The average woman gets back the self before she got pregnant and sometimes a little more. It is also said that it can increase your psychological health. Can this really be? Pro-choice states that a woman is damaged by abortion, but pro- choice women state that is not so and it actually benefited them. Pro-Choice also believes that it is the moral right for a person to be able to control their own body whether it is having a baby or destroying it. They feel it is the womans right to be able to do wha t she wants with herself and what she has created. Pro-Choice also argues that at the stage where abortion is done the fetus is not really a human being therefore it is like you are not destroying anything. It is merely biological and really does not exist until further stages. This is the reasons why pro-choice is arguing for the legalization of abortion. They feel that the increase in more mature women after abortion, safer-sex, increased mental health, and increased self-esteem and self-image are good enough reasons for legalizing abortion. After researching about abortion the solution that I find best fit to the abortion controversy is that although abortion is morally and ethically wrong there is no real alternatives for those who are victims of rape or incest. That is why the best solution to this controversy is to legalize abortion for those who are victims of these awful crimes. Although pro-life and victims of rape and incest state that abortion adds to the pain of these cr imes there is no other real solution. Most victims would agree that it would be better to suffer through the pain of abortion than to have to live with a deformed child or even worse a child that is not really your own as a product of rape or incest. Victims of these crimes also report feeling dirty, guilty, sexually violated, etc But is that as bad as having to be constantly reminded of the traumatic experience you went through everyday you see your child? Your child is a victim too! But the most obvious reason is the fact that a victim of rape or incest was violated against her will. She did not ask for it, and does not deserve it. She should not then have to deal with the child if she does not want to because it may lead to further complications for the victim and child. By further complications I mean mentally, physically, and emotionally. Many victims often go through long periods of depression when they are forced to keep the child because it often stirs unwanted memories. Thi s is why abortion should be allowed or legal for those unfortunate few who have no other choice but to have an abortion or live with this great burden. Abortion on the other hand should not be legal for all. When a person chooses to have sex she is taking a chance. This she does of her own free will, and she has control over what she is doing. This is the total opposite of the rape victim. If a person decides to have sex whether it is safe or not, what happens after that is her responsibility as well as his. And if you are going to chose to participate in this risky and unsafe practice then you must be ready to pay the consequences. I also believe that a fetus is still a child contradictory to the beliefs of the Pro-Choice. I think that when two people create something like a child, even if it is as small as a fetus it should still be considered a child because it is a living breathing organism made by the two people. I think that even a fetus has rights to a good life, love and hap piness no matter how small it is and no one should be able to take that away from him. Therefore my solution to the abortion problem is it should be legal for only those who are victims of rape or incest if they so chose to have an abortion. But should be illegal for those who are not victims because they chose to do what they did and they must deal with what they have created. The Ethics Of Abortion Abortion is a very controversial subject that has been continually argued over for the past few years and probably many years to come. The main controversy is should abortion be legalized? First before we get into the many sides of abortion we must first define abortion. Abortion is the destruction of the fetus or unborn child while the child is still in the mothers womb. This can be done by almost anyone from the mother herself to back alley abortions and even to abortions by clinics set up especially for this purpose. There are two sides to this abortion topic the PRO-LIFE which is t hose who are against abortion altogether and the PRO- CHOICE or those who believe it is the womans right to choose if she wants to have an abortion. These two groups offer different solutions to problem. The pro-life solution is to have the child and basically live with it. They believe abortion is not an answer. The pro-choice solution is abortion because of reasons they feel are appropriate. Although abortion is morally and ethically wrong should it be legal for victims of rape or incest who have no other alternative? There is no real answer to this controversy, there are two sides to it though which have been arguing for many years over the subject. The first is the pro-life group. This group does not believe in the abortion factor. To understand where the pro-life stands we must first understand its beliefs and reasons for its beliefs. Then we can discuss what their solution to the abortion topic is. Pro-life believes that rape and incest are very emotional topics. They often el icit throughout the population feelings of revulsion; people draw back from the issue of rape and incest. People dont know how to handle a person who is in that much pain. There is no quick fix. That is why it is difficult for even pro-life people to come to grips with the argument over abortion in cases of rape and incest. Some of those who are pro-life will allow abortion in these cases because they dont know what else they can do for the victim and except it as a rare case. But it is known that allowing abortion in these cases usually does not help the victim, instead it only worsens the problem because the victims needs are not being met. But what the facts suggest is that only a minority of rape and incest victims actually choose abortion. This is where pro-life has its biggest problem. Pro-life states that Abortion is not usually chosen as the immediate solution for rape and incest victims but that is the prevailing belief of the general population. A woman has been raped and made pregnant: Oh, shes got to have an abortion. No one has studied the rape and incest victims needs; abortion is presumed to fill her needs. Various studies and research indicate that rape and incest victims fall into a high-risk category of abortion. But what happens after a victim has an abortion? Jackie Baker a victim states: I soon discovered that the aftermath of my abortion continued a long time after the memory of my rape had faded. I felt empty and horrible. Nobody told me about the emptiness and pain I would feel deep within causing nightmares and deep depressions. They all told me that after the abortion I could continue with my life as if nothing ever happened. (Reardon 21- 22) This is the story we hear from a lot of aborted women. Today in our society it is believed by most people that it is the womans fault just as much as the mans fault, if not more. many people think women are responsible for contributing to the rape itself. Then the rape victims feel self-blame and guilt. And even then a rape or incest victims family members or close friends may reinforce these negative feelings. Or they drop the problem because they dont know how to talk about it. We even see the same thing in the abortion experience. When a person becomes pregnant because of rape or incest there is a permanent symbol of the rape, at least until it is aborted. Women who have had abortions fear being rejected by God and loved ones. It is a very traumatic experience which takes time. The fact is that you are really telling your loved ones of a death in the family. Opinion polls have shown for years that women are more against abortion than men are. The women led the opposition of abortion. In 1983 a Los Angelos Times poll found that only 47% of women (compared with 51% of men) favored the general availability of abortion. (Pro Life Feminism: Pro-Woman, Pro-Life 6) So what is this telling us? The facts are very clear men prefer abortion over women by a large percent. And most w omen do not agree with abortion. So why does it still exist today? What pro-life feels is really happening is that in our society today abortion is becoming the solution to carelessness. Abortion does nothing to help the victims rape, and that is the problem they are trying to address in the first place. Instead abortion encourages the victim to vent their anger out on others. Pro-life also believes that child birth on the other hand can be a victory. For those victims who chose childbirth over abortion it can be a triumph. It can state that the victim is not going to let rape destroy her life. When the needs of pregnant victims is closely examined it can be shown that abortion is not the answer and is in fact only worsening the problem. (Reardon 21-22) But the worst strain abortion has on the victim is mental strain. Many victims become confused and overwhelmed by feelings they thought they would never have, and dont know what to do. After having an abortion victims thought they ha d solved the problem but in fact they had really just started a whole new one. Many victims began thinking there was something wrong with them and began to doubt themselves in situations that they would normally be sure of themselves. Others plunge into deep depressions which they dont come out of for weeks at end. This is one of the worst side effects of having an abortion and most women dont realize it will happen to them because they are too busy trying to correct the immediate problem. . Pro-life persons dont have any reason to be ashamed to defend pro-life view in the case of rape and incest. They feel the ones who should be ashamed are the pro-abortionists who have been exploiting the problems of the victims. Pro-choice has a different view to this whole abortion controversy. Pro-choice believes that it is the persons right to have an abortion if they want to and that no one should interfere with that right. Pro-choice has many reasons for feeling this way. First lets talk abo ut who has abortions and why they have abortions. There are 1.6 million abortions in the United States every year, there is no real special class of people who have abortions. Why does pro-choice feel that abortion is all right? Well pro-choice believes that the answer is what the woman believes. The most common reason for abortions is when contraception fails. What is a person suppose to do when the birth control method fails? The fact is that contraceptive failure led to 1.6 to 2 million of the 3.3 million unwanted pregnancies in the United States in 1987. These pregnancies account for about half of the 1.5 million abortions performed every year. Besides these reasons for abortion women also give researchers other reasons for getting an abortion. In 1987 a survey of 1,900 women at 30 abortion facilities were asked, why do women have abortions? The women could give as many reasons as they wanted, and most of the women responded with one or more of these top six reasons: 1. Concerne d about how having a baby could change her life, 92 percent. 2. Not mature enough or too young to have a child, 81 percent. 3. Cant afford baby now, 73 percent. 4. Doesnt want others to know she had sex or is pregnant, 42 percent. 5. Has relationship problems and doesnt want to be a single parent, 37 percent. 6. Unready for responsibility, 33 percent. There have been many studies done on smaller groups that expressed the exact same reasons for having an abortion. Older women were more likely to say that their families were complete while younger women said that a baby would interfere with education, career, and personal freedom. At any age women say they have too many responsibilities and not enough money to take care of a baby. The reasons for which the public is approving of abortions is not always the reason of the person who wants to have an abortion. Women do not have abortions because of rape, incest, deformed fetuses, or because their physical life is in danger. But these are the best reasons accepted by the public. Being poor, too young, unmarried, and not wanting a baby are the most unpopular reasons for having an abortion and are looked down upon by the public. Pro-choice feels the main reason for abortions is because contraception failed and they didnt want to have a baby at the time. What are some of the benefits to having an abortion. Well the most obvious one is the abortion itself. First of all pro-choice wants to make it clear where they stand. They believe in first time abortions. This is usually because of contraceptive reasons or maturity, but where they draw the line is at third or fourth time abortions. This is because although they think abortion should be legal they believe that is a little extreme and may be a solution to a bad habit. But the big benefits of having an abortion can be seen right away is relief. The feeling most women have after having an abortion is relief. A 44-year-old psychologist with three children had an illegal ab ortion at 18 and a legal abortion at 28. Both times she primarily felt relieved for herself and all the family members for whom she was responsible. Another example is a newly married 27-year-old elementary school teacher had two abortions at age 18 and 21. She felt the same relief as the psychologist. There have been many studies that researched what the primary reaction to having an abortion was. One study done by Kaiser Permanent in northern California asked women subscribers how they felt about their abortions. The most common answer was relief. Abortion also leads to safer contraception. After a person has to go through an abortion because of a failure in contraception it is found that from then on the couple is much more cautious about safe-sex. It is found that almost all of the 742 low-income women who received abortions in 1970-1971 at the State University Hospital in Syracuse, New York, intended to use contraception in the future, an attitude that was even stronger after t heir abortions. Perhaps the abortion is actually a lesson in life. Another positive impact is maturity. How might a person mature because of their abortion experience. Well the most obvious example of maturity is after an abortion the aborted person usually changes their bad habits. This could be anything from safe-sex to everyday things like listening to others. This may not have been the case before the abortion. When people were asked how they felt about themselves after the abortion many of them responded by saying they felt more mature. It caused them to reevaluate their behavior, their lives and their future. Others felt they were freer and stronger. Two benefactors to having an abortion is increased self-image, self-esteem, and increased psychological health. It is said that an abortion usually changes a womans uncertain self-image into a good self-image. The average woman gets back the self before she got pregnant and sometimes a little more. It is also said that it can incr ease your psychological health. Can this really be? Pro-choice states that a woman is damaged by abortion, but pro- choice women state that is not so and it actually benefited them. Pro-Choice also believes that it is the moral right for a person to be able to control their own body whether it is having a baby or destroying it. They feel it is the womans right to be able to do what she wants with herself and what she has created. Pro-Choice also argues that at the stage where abortion is done the fetus is not really a human being therefore it is like you are not destroying anything. It is merely biological and really does not exist until further stages. This is the reasons why pro-choice is arguing for the legalization of abortion. They feel that the increase in more mature women after abortion, safer-sex, increased mental health, and increased self-esteem and self-image are good enough reasons for legalizing abortion. After researching about abortion the solution that I find best f it to the abortion controversy is that although abortion is morally and ethically wrong there is no real alternatives for those who are victims of rape or incest. That is why the best solution to this controversy is to legalize abortion for those who are victims of these awful crimes. Although pro-life and victims of rape and incest state that abortion adds to the pain of these crimes there is no other real solution. Most victims would agree that it would be better to suffer through the pain of abortion than to have to live with a deformed child or even worse a child that is not really your own as a product of rape or incest. Victims of these crimes also report feeling dirty, guilty, sexually violated, etc But is that as bad as having to be constantly reminded of the traumatic experience you went through everyday you see your child? Your child is a victim too! But the most obvious reason is the fact that a victim of rape or incest was violated against her will. She did not ask for i t, and does not deserve it. She should not then have to deal with the child if she does not want to because it may lead to further complications for the victim and child. By further complications I mean mentally, physically, and emotionally. Many victims often go through long periods of depression when they are forced to keep the child because it often stirs unwanted memories. This is why abortion should be allowed or legal for those unfortunate few who have no other choice but to have an abortion or live with this great burden. Abortion on the other hand should not be legal for all. When a person chooses to have sex she is taking a chance. This she does of her own free will, and she has control over what she is doing. This is the total opposite of the rape victim. If a person decides to have sex whether it is safe or not, what happens after that is her responsibility as well as his. And if you are going to chose to participate in this risky and unsafe practice then you must be read y to pay the consequences. I also believe that a fetus is still a child contradictory to the beliefs of the Pro-Choice. I think that when two people create something like a child, even if it is as small as a fetus it should still be considered a child because it is a living breathing organism made by the two people. I think that even a fetus has rights to a good life, love and happiness no matter how small it is and no one should be able to take that away from him. Therefore my solution to the abortion problem is it should be legal for only those who are victims of rape or incest if they so chose to have an abortion. But should be illegal for those who are not victims because they chose to do what they did and they must deal with what they have created. Bibliography: candidate speech Essay

Asdf Essay Example For Students

Asdf Essay The Ethics Of Abortion Abortion is a very controversial subject that has been continually argued over for the past few years and probably many years to come. The main controversy is should abortion be legalized? First before we get into the many sides of abortion we must first define abortion. Abortion is the destruction of the fetus or unborn child while the child is still in the mothers womb. This can be done by almost anyone from the mother herself to back alley abortions and even to abortions by clinics set up especially for this purpose. There are two sides to this abortion topic the PRO-LIFE which is those who are against abortion altogether and the PRO- CHOICE or those who believe it is the womans right to choose if she wants to have an abortion. These two groups offer different solutions to problem. The pro-life solution is to have the child and basically live with it. They believe abortion is not an answer. The pro-choice solution is abortion because of reasons they feel are appropriate. Although abortion is morally and ethically wrong should it be legal for victims of rape or incest who have no other alternative? There is no real answer to this controversy, there are two sides to it though which have been arguing for many years over the subject. The first is the pro-life group. This group does not believe in the abortion factor. To understand where the pro-life stands we must first understand its beliefs and reasons for its beliefs. Then we can discuss what their solution to the abortion topic is. Pro-life believes that rape and incest are very emotional topics. They often elicit throughout the population feelings of revulsion; people draw back from the issue of rape and incest. People dont know how to handle a person who is in that much pain. There is no quick fix. That is why it is difficult for even pro-life people to come to grips with the argument over abortion in cases of rape and incest. Some of those who are pro-life will allow abortion in the se cases because they dont know what else they can do for the victim and except it as a rare case. But it is known that allowing abortion in these cases usually does not help the victim, instead it only worsens the problem because the victims needs are not being met. But what the facts suggest is that only a minority of rape and incest victims actually choose abortion. This is where pro-life has its biggest problem. Pro-life states that Abortion is not usually chosen as the immediate solution for rape and incest victims but that is the prevailing belief of the general population. A woman has been raped and made pregnant: Oh, shes got to have an abortion. No one has studied the rape and incest victims needs; abortion is presumed to fill her needs. Various studies and research indicate that rape and incest victims fall into a high-risk category of abortion. But what happens after a victim has an abortion? Jackie Baker a victim states: I soon discovered that the aftermath of my abortio n continued a long time after the memory of my rape had faded. I felt empty and horrible. Nobody told me about the emptiness and pain I would feel deep within causing nightmares and deep depressions. They all told me that after the abortion I could continue with my life as if nothing ever happened. (Reardon 21- 22) This is the story we hear from a lot of aborted women. Today in our society it is believed by most people that it is the womans fault just as much as the mans fault, if not more. many people think women are responsible for contributing to the rape itself. Then the rape victims feel self-blame and guilt. And even then a rape or incest victims family members or close friends may reinforce these negative feelings. Or they drop the problem because they dont know how to talk about it. We even see the same thing in the abortion experience. When a person becomes pregnant because of rape or incest there is a permanent symbol of the rape, at least until it is aborted. Women who ha ve had abortions fear being rejected by God and loved ones. It is a very traumatic experience which takes time. The fact is that you are really telling your loved ones of a death in the family. Opinion polls have shown for years that women are more against abortion than men are. The women led the opposition of abortion. In 1983 a Los Angelos Times poll found that only 47% of women (compared with 51% of men) favored the general availability of abortion. (Pro Life Feminism: Pro-Woman, Pro-Life 6) So what is this telling us? The facts are very clear men prefer abortion over women by a large percent. And most women do not agree with abortion. So why does it still exist today? What pro-life feels is really happening is that in our society today abortion is becoming the solution to carelessness. Abortion does nothing to help the victims rape, and that is the problem they are trying to address in the first place. Instead abortion encourages the victim to vent their anger out on others. Pro -life also believes that child birth on the other hand can be a victory. For those victims who chose childbirth over abortion it can be a triumph. It can state that the victim is not going to let rape destroy her life. When the needs of pregnant victims is closely examined it can be shown that abortion is not the answer and is in fact only worsening the problem. (Reardon 21-22) But the worst strain abortion has on the victim is mental strain. Many victims become confused and overwhelmed by feelings they thought they would never have, and dont know what to do. After having an abortion victims thought they had solved the problem but in fact they had really just started a whole new one. Many victims began thinking there was something wrong with them and began to doubt themselves in situations that they would normally be sure of themselves. Others plunge into deep depressions which they dont come out of for weeks at end. This is one of the worst side effects of having an abortion and mo st women dont realize it will happen to them because they are too busy trying to correct the immediate problem. . Pro-life persons dont have any reason to be ashamed to defend pro-life view in the case of rape and incest. They feel the ones who should be ashamed are the pro-abortionists who have been exploiting the problems of the victims. Pro-choice has a different view to this whole abortion controversy. Pro-choice believes that it is the persons right to have an abortion if they want to and that no one should interfere with that right. Pro-choice has many reasons for feeling this way. First lets talk about who has abortions and why they have abortions. There are 1.6 million abortions in the United States every year, there is no real special class of people who have abortions. Why does pro-choice feel that abortion is all right? Well pro-choice believes that the answer is what the woman believes. The most common reason for abortions is when contraception fails. What is a person su ppose to do when the birth control method fails? The fact is that contraceptive failure led to 1.6 to 2 million of the 3.3 million unwanted pregnancies in the United States in 1987. These pregnancies account for about half of the 1.5 million abortions performed every year. Besides these reasons for abortion women also give researchers other reasons for getting an abortion. In 1987 a survey of 1,900 women at 30 abortion facilities were asked, why do women have abortions? The women could give as many reasons as they wanted, and most of the women responded with one or more of these top six reasons: 1. Concerned about how having a baby could change her life, 92 percent. 2. Not mature enough or too young to have a child, 81 percent. 3. Cant afford baby now, 73 percent. 4. Doesnt want others to know she had sex or is pregnant, 42 percent. 5. Has relationship problems and doesnt want to be a single parent, 37 percent. 6. Unready for responsibility, 33 percent. There have been many studies done on smaller groups that expressed the exact same reasons for having an abortion. Older women were more likely to say that their families were complete while younger women said that a baby would interfere with education, career, and personal freedom. At any age women say they have too many responsibilities and not enough money to take care of a baby. The reasons for which the public is approving of abortions is not always the reason of the person who wants to have an abortion. Women do not have abortions because of rape, incest, deformed fetuses, or because their physical life is in danger. But these are the best reasons accepted by the public. Being poor, too young, unmarried, and not wanting a baby are the most unpopular reasons for having an abortion and are looked down upon by the public. Pro-choice feels the main reason for abortions is because contraception failed and they didnt want to have a baby at the time. What are some of the benefits to having an abortion. Well the m ost obvious one is the abortion itself. First of all pro-choice wants to make it clear where they stand. They believe in first time abortions. This is usually because of contraceptive reasons or maturity, but where they draw the line is at third or fourth time abortions. This is because although they think abortion should be legal they believe that is a little extreme and may be a solution to a bad habit. But the big benefits of having an abortion can be seen right away is relief. The feeling most women have after having an abortion is relief. A 44-year-old psychologist with three children had an illegal abortion at 18 and a legal abortion at 28. Both times she primarily felt relieved for herself and all the family members for whom she was responsible. Another example is a newly married 27-year-old elementary school teacher had two abortions at age 18 and 21. She felt the same relief as the psychologist. There have been many studies that researched what the primary reaction to havin g an abortion was. One study done by Kaiser Permanent in northern California asked women subscribers how they felt about their abortions. The most common answer was relief. Abortion also leads to safer contraception. After a person has to go through an abortion because of a failure in contraception it is found that from then on the couple is much more cautious about safe-sex. It is found that almost all of the 742 low-income women who received abortions in 1970-1971 at the State University Hospital in Syracuse, New York, intended to use contraception in the future, an attitude that was even stronger after their abortions. Perhaps the abortion is actually a lesson in life. Another positive impact is maturity. How might a person mature because of their abortion experience. Well the most obvious example of maturity is after an abortion the aborted person usually changes their bad habits. This could be anything from safe-sex to everyday things like listening to others. This may not have been the case before the abortion. When people were asked how they felt about themselves after the abortion many of them responded by saying they felt more mature. It caused them to reevaluate their behavior, their lives and their future. Others felt they were freer and stronger. Two benefactors to having an abortion is increased self-image, self-esteem, and increased psychological health. It is said that an abortion usually changes a womans uncertain self-image into a good self-image. The average woman gets back the self before she got pregnant and sometimes a little more. It is also said that it can increase your psychological health. Can this really be? Pro-choice states that a woman is damaged by abortion, but pro- choice women state that is not so and it actually benefited them. Pro-Choice also believes that it is the moral right for a person to be able to control their own body whether it is having a baby or destroying it. They feel it is the womans right to be able to do wha t she wants with herself and what she has created. Pro-Choice also argues that at the stage where abortion is done the fetus is not really a human being therefore it is like you are not destroying anything. It is merely biological and really does not exist until further stages. This is the reasons why pro-choice is arguing for the legalization of abortion. They feel that the increase in more mature women after abortion, safer-sex, increased mental health, and increased self-esteem and self-image are good enough reasons for legalizing abortion. After researching about abortion the solution that I find best fit to the abortion controversy is that although abortion is morally and ethically wrong there is no real alternatives for those who are victims of rape or incest. That is why the best solution to this controversy is to legalize abortion for those who are victims of these awful crimes. Although pro-life and victims of rape and incest state that abortion adds to the pain of these cr imes there is no other real solution. Most victims would agree that it would be better to suffer through the pain of abortion than to have to live with a deformed child or even worse a child that is not really your own as a product of rape or incest. Victims of these crimes also report feeling dirty, guilty, sexually violated, etc But is that as bad as having to be constantly reminded of the traumatic experience you went through everyday you see your child? Your child is a victim too! But the most obvious reason is the fact that a victim of rape or incest was violated against her will. She did not ask for it, and does not deserve it. She should not then have to deal with the child if she does not want to because it may lead to further complications for the victim and child. By further complications I mean mentally, physically, and emotionally. Many victims often go through long periods of depression when they are forced to keep the child because it often stirs unwanted memories. Thi s is why abortion should be allowed or legal for those unfortunate few who have no other choice but to have an abortion or live with this great burden. Abortion on the other hand should not be legal for all. When a person chooses to have sex she is taking a chance. This she does of her own free will, and she has control over what she is doing. This is the total opposite of the rape victim. If a person decides to have sex whether it is safe or not, what happens after that is her responsibility as well as his. And if you are going to chose to participate in this risky and unsafe practice then you must be ready to pay the consequences. I also believe that a fetus is still a child contradictory to the beliefs of the Pro-Choice. I think that when two people create something like a child, even if it is as small as a fetus it should still be considered a child because it is a living breathing organism made by the two people. I think that even a fetus has rights to a good life, love and hap piness no matter how small it is and no one should be able to take that away from him. Therefore my solution to the abortion problem is it should be legal for only those who are victims of rape or incest if they so chose to have an abortion. But should be illegal for those who are not victims because they chose to do what they did and they must deal with what they have created. The Ethics Of Abortion Abortion is a very controversial subject that has been continually argued over for the past few years and probably many years to come. The main controversy is should abortion be legalized? First before we get into the many sides of abortion we must first define abortion. Abortion is the destruction of the fetus or unborn child while the child is still in the mothers womb. This can be done by almost anyone from the mother herself to back alley abortions and even to abortions by clinics set up especially for this purpose. There are two sides to this abortion topic the PRO-LIFE which is t hose who are against abortion altogether and the PRO- CHOICE or those who believe it is the womans right to choose if she wants to have an abortion. These two groups offer different solutions to problem. The pro-life solution is to have the child and basically live with it. They believe abortion is not an answer. The pro-choice solution is abortion because of reasons they feel are appropriate. Although abortion is morally and ethically wrong should it be legal for victims of rape or incest who have no other alternative? There is no real answer to this controversy, there are two sides to it though which have been arguing for many years over the subject. The first is the pro-life group. This group does not believe in the abortion factor. To understand where the pro-life stands we must first understand its beliefs and reasons for its beliefs. Then we can discuss what their solution to the abortion topic is. Pro-life believes that rape and incest are very emotional topics. They often el icit throughout the population feelings of revulsion; people draw back from the issue of rape and incest. People dont know how to handle a person who is in that much pain. There is no quick fix. That is why it is difficult for even pro-life people to come to grips with the argument over abortion in cases of rape and incest. Some of those who are pro-life will allow abortion in these cases because they dont know what else they can do for the victim and except it as a rare case. But it is known that allowing abortion in these cases usually does not help the victim, instead it only worsens the problem because the victims needs are not being met. But what the facts suggest is that only a minority of rape and incest victims actually choose abortion. This is where pro-life has its biggest problem. Pro-life states that Abortion is not usually chosen as the immediate solution for rape and incest victims but that is the prevailing belief of the general population. A woman has been raped and made pregnant: Oh, shes got to have an abortion. No one has studied the rape and incest victims needs; abortion is presumed to fill her needs. Various studies and research indicate that rape and incest victims fall into a high-risk category of abortion. But what happens after a victim has an abortion? Jackie Baker a victim states: I soon discovered that the aftermath of my abortion continued a long time after the memory of my rape had faded. I felt empty and horrible. Nobody told me about the emptiness and pain I would feel deep within causing nightmares and deep depressions. They all told me that after the abortion I could continue with my life as if nothing ever happened. (Reardon 21- 22) This is the story we hear from a lot of aborted women. Today in our society it is believed by most people that it is the womans fault just as much as the mans fault, if not more. many people think women are responsible for contributing to the rape itself. Then the rape victims feel self-blame and guilt. And even then a rape or incest victims family members or close friends may reinforce these negative feelings. Or they drop the problem because they dont know how to talk about it. We even see the same thing in the abortion experience. When a person becomes pregnant because of rape or incest there is a permanent symbol of the rape, at least until it is aborted. Women who have had abortions fear being rejected by God and loved ones. It is a very traumatic experience which takes time. The fact is that you are really telling your loved ones of a death in the family. Opinion polls have shown for years that women are more against abortion than men are. The women led the opposition of abortion. In 1983 a Los Angelos Times poll found that only 47% of women (compared with 51% of men) favored the general availability of abortion. (Pro Life Feminism: Pro-Woman, Pro-Life 6) So what is this telling us? The facts are very clear men prefer abortion over women by a large percent. And most w omen do not agree with abortion. So why does it still exist today? What pro-life feels is really happening is that in our society today abortion is becoming the solution to carelessness. Abortion does nothing to help the victims rape, and that is the problem they are trying to address in the first place. Instead abortion encourages the victim to vent their anger out on others. Pro-life also believes that child birth on the other hand can be a victory. For those victims who chose childbirth over abortion it can be a triumph. It can state that the victim is not going to let rape destroy her life. When the needs of pregnant victims is closely examined it can be shown that abortion is not the answer and is in fact only worsening the problem. (Reardon 21-22) But the worst strain abortion has on the victim is mental strain. Many victims become confused and overwhelmed by feelings they thought they would never have, and dont know what to do. After having an abortion victims thought they ha d solved the problem but in fact they had really just started a whole new one. Many victims began thinking there was something wrong with them and began to doubt themselves in situations that they would normally be sure of themselves. Others plunge into deep depressions which they dont come out of for weeks at end. This is one of the worst side effects of having an abortion and most women dont realize it will happen to them because they are too busy trying to correct the immediate problem. . Pro-life persons dont have any reason to be ashamed to defend pro-life view in the case of rape and incest. They feel the ones who should be ashamed are the pro-abortionists who have been exploiting the problems of the victims. Pro-choice has a different view to this whole abortion controversy. Pro-choice believes that it is the persons right to have an abortion if they want to and that no one should interfere with that right. Pro-choice has many reasons for feeling this way. First lets talk abo ut who has abortions and why they have abortions. There are 1.6 million abortions in the United States every year, there is no real special class of people who have abortions. Why does pro-choice feel that abortion is all right? Well pro-choice believes that the answer is what the woman believes. The most common reason for abortions is when contraception fails. What is a person suppose to do when the birth control method fails? The fact is that contraceptive failure led to 1.6 to 2 million of the 3.3 million unwanted pregnancies in the United States in 1987. These pregnancies account for about half of the 1.5 million abortions performed every year. Besides these reasons for abortion women also give researchers other reasons for getting an abortion. In 1987 a survey of 1,900 women at 30 abortion facilities were asked, why do women have abortions? The women could give as many reasons as they wanted, and most of the women responded with one or more of these top six reasons: 1. Concerne d about how having a baby could change her life, 92 percent. 2. Not mature enough or too young to have a child, 81 percent. 3. Cant afford baby now, 73 percent. 4. Doesnt want others to know she had sex or is pregnant, 42 percent. 5. Has relationship problems and doesnt want to be a single parent, 37 percent. 6. Unready for responsibility, 33 percent. There have been many studies done on smaller groups that expressed the exact same reasons for having an abortion. Older women were more likely to say that their families were complete while younger women said that a baby would interfere with education, career, and personal freedom. At any age women say they have too many responsibilities and not enough money to take care of a baby. The reasons for which the public is approving of abortions is not always the reason of the person who wants to have an abortion. Women do not have abortions because of rape, incest, deformed fetuses, or because their physical life is in danger. But these are the best reasons accepted by the public. Being poor, too young, unmarried, and not wanting a baby are the most unpopular reasons for having an abortion and are looked down upon by the public. Pro-choice feels the main reason for abortions is because contraception failed and they didnt want to have a baby at the time. What are some of the benefits to having an abortion. Well the most obvious one is the abortion itself. First of all pro-choice wants to make it clear where they stand. They believe in first time abortions. This is usually because of contraceptive reasons or maturity, but where they draw the line is at third or fourth time abortions. This is because although they think abortion should be legal they believe that is a little extreme and may be a solution to a bad habit. But the big benefits of having an abortion can be seen right away is relief. The feeling most women have after having an abortion is relief. A 44-year-old psychologist with three children had an illegal ab ortion at 18 and a legal abortion at 28. Both times she primarily felt relieved for herself and all the family members for whom she was responsible. Another example is a newly married 27-year-old elementary school teacher had two abortions at age 18 and 21. She felt the same relief as the psychologist. There have been many studies that researched what the primary reaction to having an abortion was. One study done by Kaiser Permanent in northern California asked women subscribers how they felt about their abortions. The most common answer was relief. Abortion also leads to safer contraception. After a person has to go through an abortion because of a failure in contraception it is found that from then on the couple is much more cautious about safe-sex. It is found that almost all of the 742 low-income women who received abortions in 1970-1971 at the State University Hospital in Syracuse, New York, intended to use contraception in the future, an attitude that was even stronger after t heir abortions. Perhaps the abortion is actually a lesson in life. Another positive impact is maturity. How might a person mature because of their abortion experience. Well the most obvious example of maturity is after an abortion the aborted person usually changes their bad habits. This could be anything from safe-sex to everyday things like listening to others. This may not have been the case before the abortion. When people were asked how they felt about themselves after the abortion many of them responded by saying they felt more mature. It caused them to reevaluate their behavior, their lives and their future. Others felt they were freer and stronger. Two benefactors to having an abortion is increased self-image, self-esteem, and increased psychological health. It is said that an abortion usually changes a womans uncertain self-image into a good self-image. The average woman gets back the self before she got pregnant and sometimes a little more. It is also said that it can incr ease your psychological health. Can this really be? Pro-choice states that a woman is damaged by abortion, but pro- choice women state that is not so and it actually benefited them. Pro-Choice also believes that it is the moral right for a person to be able to control their own body whether it is having a baby or destroying it. They feel it is the womans right to be able to do what she wants with herself and what she has created. Pro-Choice also argues that at the stage where abortion is done the fetus is not really a human being therefore it is like you are not destroying anything. It is merely biological and really does not exist until further stages. This is the reasons why pro-choice is arguing for the legalization of abortion. They feel that the increase in more mature women after abortion, safer-sex, increased mental health, and increased self-esteem and self-image are good enough reasons for legalizing abortion. After researching about abortion the solution that I find best f it to the abortion controversy is that although abortion is morally and ethically wrong there is no real alternatives for those who are victims of rape or incest. That is why the best solution to this controversy is to legalize abortion for those who are victims of these awful crimes. Although pro-life and victims of rape and incest state that abortion adds to the pain of these crimes there is no other real solution. Most victims would agree that it would be better to suffer through the pain of abortion than to have to live with a deformed child or even worse a child that is not really your own as a product of rape or incest. Victims of these crimes also report feeling dirty, guilty, sexually violated, etc But is that as bad as having to be constantly reminded of the traumatic experience you went through everyday you see your child? Your child is a victim too! But the most obvious reason is the fact that a victim of rape or incest was violated against her will. She did not ask for i t, and does not deserve it. She should not then have to deal with the child if she does not want to because it may lead to further complications for the victim and child. By further complications I mean mentally, physically, and emotionally. Many victims often go through long periods of depression when they are forced to keep the child because it often stirs unwanted memories. This is why abortion should be allowed or legal for those unfortunate few who have no other choice but to have an abortion or live with this great burden. Abortion on the other hand should not be legal for all. When a person chooses to have sex she is taking a chance. This she does of her own free will, and she has control over what she is doing. This is the total opposite of the rape victim. If a person decides to have sex whether it is safe or not, what happens after that is her responsibility as well as his. And if you are going to chose to participate in this risky and unsafe practice then you must be read y to pay the consequences. I also believe that a fetus is still a child contradictory to the beliefs of the Pro-Choice. I think that when two people create something like a child, even if it is as small as a fetus it should still be considered a child because it is a living breathing organism made by the two people. I think that even a fetus has rights to a good life, love and happiness no matter how small it is and no one should be able to take that away from him. Therefore my solution to the abortion problem is it should be legal for only those who are victims of rape or incest if they so chose to have an abortion. But should be illegal for those who are not victims because they chose to do what they did and they must deal with what they have created. Bibliography: candidate speech Essay

Caffeine Purpose free essay sample

Caffeine PURPOSE: THESIS: I. Introduction: A. Attention Getter B. Preview: How many of you woke up this morning and had a cup of coffee, tea, or an energy drink? II. Body: A. 90% of people in the world use caffeine in one form or another. In the U. S. 80% of adults consume caffeine every day (FDA. GOV) . Caffeine whether it is consumed in a food or as medicine it changes the way your brain and body work and also changes how you behave and feel. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. Caffeine’s cons are: Caffeine works by stimulating the central nervous system (CNS), heart, muscles, and the centers that control blood pressure. Caffeine can raise blood pressure, but might not have this effect in people who use it all the time. Caffeine can also act like a â€Å"water pill† that increases urine flow. But again, it may not have this effect in people who use caffeine regularly. We will write a custom essay sample on Caffeine Purpose or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, drinking caffeine during moderate exercise is not likely to cause dehydration. WEBMD) Caffeine overdose is dangerous and can kill you. FDA knows of a 19 year old college student who died after taking an overdose of caffeine tablets to stay awake. A caffeine tablet contains as much caffeine as one to three 5-ounce cups of coffee. Some Positive effects of caffeine: Increases alertness, increase metabolic rate, may reduce certain kind of hepatic cancers, Increased blood flow to smooth muscle, helps with learning and memory.

Was Sir Richard Arkwright a man for himself or good for the essays

Was Sir Richard Arkwright a man for himself or good for the essays Sir Richard Arkwright was a man who was ambitious to succeed to say the least. He seemed very content in making his and John Kays joint invention of the spinning frame, much needed amongst workers in the 17th 18th, a huge global success. Infact he went so far with his business, that he went on to make the first ever factory ever to be made in 1771 in the small town of Cromwell. He began to recruit people to work for his factory, enforcing high pay but strict rules. He then went on to build houses, a church, shops and even a school for his workers and their families, in the hope that his workers will put in there maximum effort to his factory in return for giving them decent living conditions. It seemed to have worked as Arkwright became richer and richer as more and more people came to work under Arkwright. But did Arkwright do all of this for himself or for the whole of society in general? On one side, Arkwright was indeed good for the society. Not only was it impressive that he thought up the idea of the first ever factory, it is also impressive how he worked out a good amount of pay to his workers. Workers for Arkwright earned about 17 shilling a week, working 10 hours a day for 6 days in the week. This amount of pay, despite the fact that it was hard work earning it, was considerably better than the money they would have earned in most other jobs at that time (especially farming). Moreover, Arkwright built a mini-town around his factory in Cromford. However, you could also say that Arkwright was a selfish man. Evidence for this comes with the fact that despite Arkwrights status as one of the men that was the started the industrial revolution, the unanswered question of modern history today is was the credit for starting the industrial revolution given to the wrong men? The history books tell us that James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, Richard Arkwright the spinning frame and Samuel ...

What is Public administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is Public administration - Essay Example Though administration in regular life is mostly involuntary, it is possible to control and co-ordinate such activities for common good. Hence the administration aspect is combined with management to optimize its benefits. Inclusion of management has given an ethical and social angle to the PA portfolio. In the traceable beginnings of this complex discipline the areas of politics and administration were separated vaguely. As times passed by, the political nature of administration made it complex to keep the two disciplines associated. Hence in recent times, political scientists study the organizational behavior of governments at all levels and provide inputs to the administration wing to act on the suggestions. This process evolution has removed the political influence on administration aspects to a large extent. In the symbolic front bureaucracy is still a synonym for public administration, reflecting the initial influence of politics on PA. The face of public administration has changed drastically over centuries. The rudiments of this discipline can be found in different parts of the world in different cultures aiming to achieve similar public interest objectives. In the earlier set up, public administrators were considered only as implementers of law. This idea ignored the human element involved in administration.

The Impact Of Economic Globalization And The Rise Of The MNCs On The Essay

The Impact Of Economic Globalization And The Rise Of The MNCs On The Developing World - Essay Example This report stresses that the phenomenon of globalization not only includes rise of global trade, internationalism of economic markets, development of advanced information and communication technologies, increased number of MNCs, increased mobility of people, capital, goods, ideas, and data but also pollution, infections, and diseases. On a precise note, the United Nations has defined economic globalization as the process that facilitates the increasing independence of global economies in consequence of the expanding scale of cross-border trade of services and commodities, rapid and wide spread of advanced technologies, and increased flow of international capital. The rapid advancement of science and technologies and the growing marketization are the two primary triggering forces for economic globalization. This paper makes a conclusion that the increased number of migrants is fuelling economic and social burden on destination countries but it is providing a growing source of foreign exchange for the origin countries. The temporary migration of low-skilled workers has offered positive effects for less developed countries, especially in terms of brain circulation, skills upgrading, and remittances. Remittance plays a crucial role as a source of comparably stable foreign funding. It is reported that remittances to developing states went well above $166 billion in 2005. Many less industrialized countries, like Bangladesh, Lesotho, Cambodia, Nepal, Yemen, and Sudan have become heavily dependent on remittances as a major source of foreign exchange.

Improving telecommunications networks are a positive development for Essay

Improving telecommunications networks are a positive development for human impact on the environment - Essay Example Telecommunication act as a tool for sustainable development of the environment. The conduct of communication on various platforms such as visual or electronic form acts as alternatives to physical transport. Transport in the modern days has resulted to challenges of urban congestion and traffic, in both developing and developed countries. Telecommunication enables the sustainable reduction in unnecessary transports through telecommuting and on-line trading (Sioshansi, 2011, p. 14). Development of the telecommunication infrastructure has enabled the reduction of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. This action has reduced the atmospheric pollution that supplements the reduction of respiratory problems among people, as well as the protection of the ozone layer. Telecommunications has impacted positively the environmental field by enabling successive implementation of environmental programs. Improved access to information about agriculture has enabled the sustainable production of agricultural products. Improving telecommunication systems in the rural areas discourage people from migrating to congested towns. Through retaining workforce in the rural areas, the development of the rural economy is accelerated thereby improving living standards of the rural people. An integrated rural development enables development of infrastructure and other public services and foreign investment (Sioshansi, 2011, p. 21). Satellite images have also enabled the uncovering of digital terrain models used to evaluate catchment areas that are possible sites for putting up retention

Variable compression ratio

Variable compression ratio CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND THEORY OF ENGINES 1.1 VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO (VCR) ENGINE 1.1.1 INTRODUCTION TO VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO ENGINE Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) is a system which is used to adjust the compression ratios of the internal combustion engine. In simple terms, it changes the combustion chamber size of the cylinder according to various different operating conditions such as speed, load, acceleration and torque. Car emissions and fuel economy are two challenges for the automotive sector in which VCR engine is a very decent technology approaching low fuel consumption and pollutant emission reduction. The car manufacturers have to look forward for more thermally efficient and less polluting engine. In present world the automotive sector spends over millions of dollars for approaching low emission as well as low fuel consumption cars. Various different ways are been discovered such as hybrid cars, fuel cell cars, solar cars and many more as future development. VCR engine would practically prove to be boon for automotive sector (Evolution Perspectives). The Fixed Compression Ratio (FCR) engine has a fixed compression ratio without any kind of change in the size of the combustion chamber in cylinder. The FCR engines have high emissions due to the fact that when it comes to high speed or load, FCR use more fuel which produces more emissions but VCR engine provides increase in the fuel efficiency under varying loads and speed. Most of the cars used recently are Spark plug (SI) or diesel Ignition engines. The different ways the SI engine can increase its efficiency is by higher compression ratio, reducing throttle losses, low friction, variable timing valve and down-sizing. The concept of VCR engine significantly contributes its benefits to thermo-dynamic efficiency. The concept of the VCR is that it continuously operates at different compression ratio as per the need of the performance. The change in the combustion chamber volume continuously takes place with the varying in the compression ratio. Therefore the thermodynamic advantages are been encountered through the engine map. At low level of power, VCR engine drives at higher compression ratio which can capture high fuel efficiency and at the high power levels the VCR engine runs at low compression ratio to prevent knocking. Unlikely as FCR engine, the VCR engine keeps the engine temperature more or less at the optimum with high combustion efficiency. It tends to keep high power at the same engine dimensions (Amjad Shaik, 2007). 1.1.2 ADVANTAGES OF VCR ENGINE Today the â€Å"environmental safety† is a very big issue which is been concerned by many industries throughout the world. When it comes to the automobile sector, due to high ethical measures they have high amount of responsibility towards environment. All car manufacturing industry are targeting eco-friendly vehicles and down-sizing engine which can lead to the better living environment. In this case VCR engine has many improvements and benefits over FCR engine. All that is possible by the VCR is not been possible by FCR engine in terms of power output as well as overall efficiency. Some remarkable evaluation perspectives of VCR engine: Compression ratio adjustment does not allow â€Å"knocking†, and allows extreme torque and specific power with great driving conditions. At part loads the VCR engine functions under high compression ratio (up to 16:1 or 17:1) which provides better fuel efficiency compared to FCR engine. By retaining in best combination between Ignition advance and compression ratio, VCR engine reduces emission pollutant even under extreme supercharging pressure. VCR engine tends to keep the thermodynamic temperature of the engine low compared to FCR by working under preferable compression ratio range and avoid engine heating. It permits increasing load-speed range which can result to effectiveness in lean-mixtures. The temperature and pressure controls which can permit combustions under ultra-lean mixtures and to set the auto-ignition timing precisely. The overall efficiency of the vehicle increases with pleasant driving conditions. 1.1.3 EXISTING VCR ENGINE CARS Today, in automobile sector there are various different companies who are spending billions of dollars on the green car. The aim to keep the environment clean need the cars to lower down their emission and the car manufacturers are spending major of their finance on the research and development. The company are developing no. of different ways that can help them to minimise the car emissions and hence make an eco-friendly car. Honda Company Ltd; has shown some documents to the World Congress unfolding their development in the recent times when it comes to variable compression ratio engine. They are developing a compact VCR model which will use inertia force of the piston to switch the compression ratio between high and low stages (Concept: Honda RD Developing Variable Compression Ratio Engine with Dual Piston Mechanism, 2009). Secondly SAAB has approached to make a very innovative and efficient VCR engine. At Geneva Motor Show, SAAB had reviled its VCR model which is called as the SVC (Saab Variable Compression) engine. The new innovative concept was more fuel efficient and the concept was totally new. The performance of the engine was far better than before with combination of reduced engine displacement and unique system of variable compression ratio enabling the engine to be more powerful and efficient than before. The fuel consumption of the car is reduced by 30% while the carbon emissions reduced as well. The CO, NOx and HC emission will meet all the future regulations (Saab Variable, 2008). The SVC engine system would not allow any kind of external or internal friction to the engine under operation which can tend to increase losses. The engine combustion chamber would not be detoriate by any kind of system interference (Miller, 2001). Nissan has been developing a kind of piston-crank mechanism by the help of which the system to enable the variable compression ratio of the engine, unlike the static compression ratio which was taking place as the other cars. The system optimises the engine rpm with the compression ratio and can easily vary with the car driving speed which results in optimum combustion all time and raising output and fuel economy (Nissan). This all information really conveys that the automotive sector is keenly looking forward for various ways and innovative mechanism which can prove to be boon for the future car market as well as eco-friendly environment. 1.2 FIXED COMPRESSION RATIO (FCR) ENGINE 1.2.1 INTRODUCTION TO FIXED COMPRESSION RATIO ENGINE A fixed compression ratio engine is a normal engine which recent cars have. The compression ratio of the combustion chamber remains the same throughout the operation. Particularly they do not have any disadvantages but when we compare it with the VCR engine than they have high fuel consumption as well as emissions. An engine is the main component of the car on which the major amount of car efficiency is depended. The major number of cars on the road is fuel cars, gasoline or diesel cars. The function of car engine is to convert the fuel (gasoline) into motion by which the car moves. The car is running through fuel combustion, so the engines are known as Internal Combustion Engines. It is known as Internal Combustion Engine because it consists of a combustion chamber in which the combustion of fuel occur using oxidiser, usually air. (Brain, 2010). 1.2.2 FOUR-STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION (I.C) ENGINE The four stroke engine consists of four different strokes- Intake stroke Compression stroke Combustion stroke Exhaust stroke The Piston moves downwards form the top dead centre (TDC) to the bottom dead centre (BDC) reducing the pressure inside the cylinder. Suction phenomenon takes place where the mixture of fuel and air is forced to get in to the cylinder through the intake port for future combustion process. The intake valve is open in intake stroke where the exhaust valve is closed. As soon as intake stroke completes the intake valve closes down. 2. COMPRESSION STROKE Compression stroke is the second stroke of the combustion process. In combustion process the inlet and the exhaust both the valves remain close. The piston is moves upwards to the top dead centre of the cylinder to compress the air-fuel mixture. This makes an explosion in the cylinder and helps the combustion to take place. This complete stroke is known as the compression stroke. 3. EXPANSION STROKE Expansion stroke is also known as the power stroke. In this stroke both intake and exhaust valve remain close. When the piston is at the top dead centre, the ignition takes place in the combustion chamber usually with the help of spark plug. The air-fuel mixture ignites and results in to massive pressure and this pressure drives the piston back to the bottom dead centre with a huge force. This complete stroke is called the power stroke because at this stroke of the whole cycle the power erupts and engines torque is able to drive the car. Power stroke is the most important stroke of the complete cycle in which the ignition takes place leading to power to the engine. 4. EXHAUST STROKE Exhaust Stroke is the final stroke of the cycle. In this stroke the inlet valve remains closed and the exhaust valve opens. The piston which is at the bottom dead centre once again goes to the top dead centre position while the valve is open. The action helps to though out the product of the combustion from the cylinder outside through help of the exhaust pipe. With the completion of the exhaust valve the completion of the combustion cycle takes place. (Brain, 2010) 1.3 COMPRESSION RATIO The Compression Ratio of an internal combustion engine is the ratio of the volume of the combustion chamber when the piston is at the bottom dead centre position divided by the volume of the combustion chamber when piston is at the full compression position. In simple terms it is also known as the swept volume (Compression ratio, 2010). The compression ratio of an engine should be higher. Higher the compression ratio, the engine is able to extract more energy form the given mass of the air-fuel mixture because of the higher amount of thermal efficiency. The increase in the power takes place at the moment of ignition and more net work can be achieved by expanding the hot gases at a greater degree. There is major disadvantage while keeping the compression ratio higher is that make the gasoline engine subjected to engine knocking. In technical terms it is also known as detonation. It is mainly caused by using poor quality fuel. Detonation can cause the engine to reduce its overall efficiency, damage the engine parts and even can result to engine failure. CR = compression ratio Vd = displacement volume Vcv = clearance volume CR = Displacement Volume+Clearance VolumeClearance Volume Compression Ratio = Vd+ VcvVcv CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF VCR PROTOTYPE MODEL 2.1 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING VCR PROTOTYPE The variable compression ratio prototype is already been made by the previous student working. The driving mechanism is well made and is practically operational. The mechanism is very simple. The driving mechanism of the prototype is just an understanding of the overall system and helps to analyse different moving parts. The modifications been done are on the way the system has to be driven. The mechanism was been driven manually or by using an electric motor. The system has to be modified and designed to be driven pneumatically. The complete prototype helps to demonstrate the complete system visually. The theoretical part of the VCR is a bit more complicated, so the visual model really focuses and gives a very clear idea about the whole mechanism as well individual parts. The mechanism shows the rotating shaft motion conversion to the linear motion of the piston-cylinder mechanism driven manually, electrically or pneumatic sources. The variable compression mechanism is been attached to the system by which the angles of connecting rod lever can be changed which helps to change the travel length of the piston in the cylinder. The change in piston travel length tends to change the swept volume which is technically known as the compression ratio. The mechanism is designed is a way that the compression ratio can be changed easily any time even when the system is running. The angle of eccentric adjustment is given a range from 0 ° to 60 ° where it can change compression ratio to certain extends. 2.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF VCR PROTOTYPE The working of the prototype is very simple. The working principle is that the angular motion of the shaft is been converted in to the linear motion of the piston-cylinder. A simple mechanism of the variable compression ratio is adjoined to the overall system. The variable compression ratio mechanism in the system allows the driving mechanism to change various angles by help of which the length of the stroke of piston changes which can change the overall swept volume. Hence the change in swept volume results in the variation in compression ratio. NOTE: The figure shows the working principle of the prototype by giving more knowledge about the moving parts and their connection. Detailed drawing is been given further in the report. The driving mechanism consists of various different moving parts as described in the part list. The extension shaft rotates at an angle of 360 ° which results to one to and fro motion of the piston. Once the extension shaft rotates, the motion is been transferred to the Crank shaft. The crank shaft transfers the motion to the eccentric journal bearing through the help of connecting rod and lever. At that position the angle of the eccentric mechanism decided the length of stroke of piston. This motion hence results into linear motion of the piston-cylinder mechanism by help of sliding mechanism connection. The piston than moves and completes a two stroke cycle by one revolution of shaft. 2.3 MOTION TRANSFER STUDY A simple overview of the motion transfer from one part of mechanism to the other is been shown. DRIVING SOURCE ROTATING SHAFT CONNECTING ROD MOTION ECCENTRIC JOURNAL BEARING MOTION SLIDING MECHANISM CONNECTION LINEAR MOTION OF PISTON-CYLINDER 2.4 PART LIST OF PROTOTYPE MODEL PART LIST OF VCR DRIVING MECHANISM Part No. Part Name Quantity 1 Cylinder Head 1 2 Cylinder Block 1 3 Piston 1 4 Roller Bearing 3 5 Sliding Mechanism Connection 1 6 Eccentric Journal Bearing 2 7 Connection Rod Lever 1 8 Connection Rod 1 9 Crank Shaft 1 10 Crank Shaft Mounting 1 11 Extension Shaft 1 12 Nut Bolt 12 NOTE: The above part list is made on the basis of the system without any sort of driving mechanism modifications. The source of driving is manually which helps us to analyse the movement of prototype parts and is simple understanding of the mechanism. 2.5 COMPONENT MATERIAL SELECTION The variable compression ratio prototype is overall well designed. The completely prototype is a compact model and has an appropriate function. The mechanism of VCR is well managed when it comes to design part. The design is kept simple and easy to understand. The assembly of all components is done in a way that it is easy to disassemble and individual moving parts can be analysed. It is clear that the system is a complete assembly of many working parts. There are lots of parts which are been assembled using welding, or by using nuts and bolts. Some of the parts are been manufactured in the laboratory and some are been obtained from the suppliers due to time and material constraints. The parts which are been obtained directly from the dealer: Connecting Rod Roller Bearings Crank Shaft Connecting Rod Lever Eccentric Bearing Nuts and Bolts The parts which are been manufactured in the laboratory: Piston Cylinder Block Prototype foundation (wooden base) Extension Shaft (Attached to electric motor) Supporting bars for assembly COMPONENT AND THEIR MATERIAL Part No. Part Name Material 1 Cylinder Head Plastic 2 Cylinder Block Plastic 3 Piston Plastic 4 Roller Bearing Plastic 5 Sliding Mechanism Connection Steel 6 Eccentric Journal Bearing Steel 7 Connection Rod Lever Forged Steel 8 Connection Rod Forged Steel 9 Crank Shaft Forged Steel 10 Crank Shaft Mounting Aluminium 11 Extension Shaft Cast Iron 12 Nut Bolt Mild Steel Material Selection Criteria As we can see the material been used in the prototype are metals and have high resistivity to high temperature and external or internal stresses. They do not have a tendency to deform under small loading conditions which really helps to keep the alignment and working of the prototype without any problems. The components are directly available in the market and it save a lot of time as well as money which can be spending innovating miscellaneous ideas. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VCR PROTOTYPE Every product or its prototype has some positive as well as negative aspects. The positive features are those which favour the users and the negative aspects are those which create some kind of errors or functional faults. POSITIVE CHARACTERISTICS DESIGN The complete system is designed in a way that it is really appreciated. The design is compact, easy to analyse and low weight. Even though the material used in most of the parts is metals but even though the overall prototype does not exceed a lot. Looking at the individual design in detail: The existing VCR prototype consist INTRODUCTION TO PNEMATIC SYSTEM Pneumatic is a branch of technology which enables the pressurised gas to affect mechanical motion. Pneumatic system is the system which helps to pressurise gas and convert the pressure of gas in to mechanical motion. There are many industry which use pneumatic systems for various purposes. The compressor is used to compress air and this force of air is used for the various purposes such as dentistry, construction, automobile, mining and many more. Pneumatic system is basically a fixed system which is installed in factories that have application of compressed air for various purposes. Usually the moisture is been removed from the air and small quantity of oil is been added in it as lubrication to the moving parts. The basic pneumatic system is most efficient when the theoretical calculation prove basic three things: Amount of force applied by the actuator Can that force be able to move the desired load The speed at which the load can be moved Components of Basic Pneumatic System Part A Compressor: The compressor is the main component of all. It is a pump which compresses air. It simply raises the pressure of compressed air and supplies it to the pneumatic system. Part B Check valve: Check valve is simple one way valve. This valve allows the compressed air which is having high pressure to enter the pneumatic system. It does not allow the back flow of air again in to the compressor. Part C Accumulator: Accumulator is known as the storage tank of the system. It stores the compressed air and hence helps to supply it to system as per the requirement and relieves the duty cycle of compressor. Part D Directional Valve: The directional valve gives the direction to the compressed air and controls the flow of air from source to port selected. This can be done manually or might be used sensors or electrically to give better precision. Part E Actuator: Actuator is the device which concerts the force (energy) of compressed air into the mechanical motion. (Elements of Basic Pneumatic system, 2003) Working of Pneumatic system Atmospheric air is been drawn in to the air filter in which the air is been filter. The foreign material, duct particles are been removed and pure air is achieved. The air then passes to the compressor where it gets compressed to a certain required pressure. The vapour and humidity is been removed making air dry and pressurised. Then the air is passed to the reservoir where the pressured air is been stored and can be readily available when required. It is known as accumulator. Many companies tend to compress air in a huge compressor and then store it in different storage reservoirs at different places without any kind of pressure (energy) loss. The pressure development is been depended on the size and capacity of the compressor. There are many safety devices used in the system like valves and sensors which readily help to ensure complete safety of the system. After it is stored in the reservoir it is been used whenever and wherever required using control valve which can help to control the flow of pressurised air and help to use the energy to convert to mechanical motion.